基本设定
首先,我们先声明一些变量,这些变量在以后发送请求时会有所帮助:
import requests import json session = requests.Session() url = "https://ropsten.infura.io/v3/YOUR_INFURA_KEY" headers = {'Content-type': 'application/json'}
为简单起见,我们使用Infura节点连接到以太坊Ropsten Testnet。在此处获取API密钥。
第一个请求
我们先来一个简单的尝试,例如我们来获取当前以太坊gas的价格,可以非常简单的实现:
# Prepare the data we will send data = {"jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "eth_gasPrice", "params": [], "id":1} response = session.post(url, json=data, headers=headers) # Check if response is valid if response.ok: # Get result of the request and decode it to decimal gasPriceHex = response.json().get("result") gasPriceDecimal = int(gasPriceHex, 16) else: # Handle Error print("Error occured")
参数信息都可以在以太坊官方文档中找到。
获取最新的块
接下来我们来获取下以太坊上最新的块,看看能读到什么信息:
# Set params and prepare data blockNumber = "latest" # Boolean indicating if we want the full transactions (True) or just their hashes (false) fullTrx = False params = [ blockNumber, fullTrx] data = {"jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "eth_getBlockByNumber","params": params, "id": 1} response = session.post(url, json=data, headers=headers) # Check if response is valid if response.ok: # Get the block block = response.json().get("result") # Get the transactions contained in the block transactions = block.get("transactions") else: # Handle Error
让我们仔细看看其中一项交易:
params = [transactions[0]] data = {"jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "eth_getTransactionByHash","params": params, "id": 3} response = session.post(url, json=data, headers=headers) if response.ok: transaction = response.json().get("result") else: # Handle Error print("Error occured")
当我们开始了解这些调用的工作方式,那就开始尝试一些更高级的方法:
发送交易
首先,让我们使用web3.py库创建一个新帐户,并领取一些测试币。
import web3 w3 = web3.Web3() account = w3.eth.account.create('put any phrase here') address = account.address pKey = account.privateKey
要发送创建交易,我们需要随机数。我们也可以使用与上述相同的模式使用RPC JSON API获取此信息:
# Get the nonce at the latest block params = [address, "latest"] data = {"jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "eth_getTransactionCount","params": params, "id": 3} response = session.post(url, json=data, headers=headers) if response.ok: nonce = response.json().get("result") else: # Handle Error print("Error occured")
接下来,我们创建并签名交易,然后再次使用JSON RPC API将其发送出去:
# Create our transaction signed_txn = w3.eth.account.signTransaction({ # Faucet address 'to': '0x687422eEA2cB73B5d3e242bA5456b782919AFc85', 'nonce': nonce, 'gasPrice': gasPriceHex, 'gas': 100000, 'value': w3.toWei(0.5,'ether'), # 3 Because we are on Ropsten 'chainId':3, }, pKey)
如果您正在其他以太坊(Test)网络上进行测试,请确保相应地设置链ID。
params = [signed_txn.rawTransaction.hex()] data = {"jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "eth_sendRawTransaction","params": params, "id": 4} response = session.post(url, json=data, headers=headers) if response.ok: receipt = response.json().get("result") else: # Handle Error print("Error occured")
结论
就在刚刚过去的5分钟内,你刚刚了解了使用JSON RPC Ethereum API与以太坊进行交互的基础知识!